Narendra Modi: Leadership, Accomplishments, Struggles, and the Ideology of Hindutva (2001-2021)

Abstract:

This thesis examines the life, leadership, accomplishments, struggles, and the ideological framework of Hindutva of Narendra Modi from his birth in 1950 to the year 2021. It delves into his rise from humble beginnings to becoming one of the most influential political figures in India's history. The study provides an overview of his major accomplishments, highlighting his economic, infrastructural, and foreign policy achievements. It also discusses the controversies and challenges he faced during his tenure. Moreover, the thesis critically evaluates Modi's association with the ideology of Hindutva and its impact on India's social and political landscape.

Introduction:

Narendra Modi, born on September 17, 1950, in Vadnagar, Gujarat, emerged as a charismatic leader who reshaped India's political landscape during his tenure as the 14th Prime Minister of India from 2014 to 2021. This thesis aims to provide an in-depth analysis of his life, political journey, major accomplishments, struggles, and his connection with the ideology of Hindutva.

I. Early Life and Political Journey:

Modi's early life was marked by modesty and a strong sense of discipline. He joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) at a young age, which laid the foundation for his political ideology. His political career started in the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), where he gradually climbed the ranks and gained prominence in Gujarat's politics.

II. Major Accomplishments:

During his tenure as Prime Minister, Narendra Modi initiated several significant reforms and projects that left a lasting impact on India's development trajectory. One of his key accomplishments was the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which aimed to streamline India's complex tax system. The "Make in India" campaign aimed to boost domestic manufacturing, while the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan focused on improving sanitation and hygiene. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana aimed to increase financial inclusion, and the Digital India initiative aimed to connect rural areas through technology.

III. Struggles and Controversies:

Modi's leadership was not without its challenges. The handling of the 2002 Gujarat riots during his tenure as Chief Minister drew widespread criticism both in India and internationally. The incident raised questions about his commitment to religious harmony and minority rights. Additionally, his government faced criticism for its handling of economic policies such as demonetization, which led to widespread disruption.

IV. The Ideology of Hindutva:

One of the most polarizing aspects of Modi's tenure was his association with the ideology of Hindutva, a Hindu nationalist ideology that seeks to establish the hegemony of Hindu culture and values in India. While Modi and the BJP emphasized development and good governance, critics argued that their policies aligned with the Hindutva agenda, leading to concerns about the marginalization of religious and ethnic minorities.

V. Foreign Policy Achievements:

Modi's foreign policy initiatives aimed to strengthen India's global standing. His "Neighbourhood First" policy focused on building strong relationships with neighboring countries. The "Act East" policy aimed to enhance ties with Southeast Asian nations. The successful hosting of the first International Yoga Day showcased India's soft power on the global stage.

VI. Economic Reforms and Infrastructural Development:

Modi's government launched various economic reforms aimed at improving India's business environment and attracting foreign investment. The "Startup India" initiative aimed to foster innovation and entrepreneurship. The "Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana" aimed to provide affordable housing to all by 2022. The "Sagarmala" project aimed to modernize ports and boost maritime trade.

Conclusion:

Narendra Modi's journey from a small town in Gujarat to becoming India's Prime Minister was marked by both accomplishments and controversies. His leadership style and policies left an indelible mark on India's socio-political landscape. While his efforts to accelerate development and reforms garnered widespread support, his association with the ideology of Hindutva remains a subject of debate. As of 2021, Modi's legacy is one that will continue to shape India's future political discourse and development trajectory.